Corruption ,it's causes and it's major impacts

What is Corruption?

Definition:                                                              

  The abuse of entrusted power for private gains is called corruption. Corruption can be divided into grand, petty, and political depending on the amount of money lost and the sector in which it occurs.          

Grand corruption consists of acts committed at a high level of government that distort policies and the central functioning of the state enabling leaders to benefit at the expense of the public goods.      Petty corruption refers to the everyday abuse of entrusted power by lower and middle-level officials in their interaction with ordinary citizens, who often try to access goods and services in hospitals, schools, public departments, and other agencies.

View of Quaid-e-Azam about corruption:

In his literal address to the first constitution assembly of Pakistan on August 11,1947 Quaid-e-Azam linked the first priority of his government as to maintain law and order. He said;

 " One of the worst curses from which India is suffering, I am not  pointing  that other countries are free from  this curse but I suppose that our condition is much worse is bribery and corruption. That really is a poison, we must eradicate it with an iron hand."

Causes of corruption:

These are the major causes of corruption.

Need, Greed, and Opportunity:

The National Anti-Corruption Strategy states that need and greed combined with the opportunity without any fear of detection and punishment are the major factors that facilitate corruption. Today Pakistan has six anti-corruption agencies two at the federal level and two at the provincial level.

Ineffective performance of the anti-corruption agencies:

Anti-corruption agencies are not working effectively like agencies like NAB, FIA, etc.FIA has had poor performance due to various reasons as it is a corrupt agency with a strong element of harassment Since its emergence in 1974 it has not performed well way. However, due to recent changes, the new heads are playing a proactive role in the eradication of corruption.

Lack of accountability:

In the absence of efficient institutions which strictly punish the corrupt person's government departments turn into huge corruption. So in the absence of accountability for wrongdoing then the big fishes escape from justice when accountability in Pakistan becomes a farce.

Low salaries of civil servants:

It is seen that the low salaries of civil servants are also a big reason for persuing corruption. Today everyone is working hard to make a better living standard but due to salaries and much hard work servants try to use illegal methods of earning which comes in the form of corruption.

Lack of transparency:

Lack of transparency is also among the major causes of corruption. Transparency means that decisions taken and their enforcement should be according to the rules and regulations that are set for this purpose. so it becomes very easy to indulge in corrupt activities.

Red tapism and bribery:

Red tapism has become a norm in the country. A poor person belonging to a lower socio-economic background has to wait to gain a service but this work will done within no time if he pays money for it.

Acceptability in our society:

The major reason that leads to corruption is its acceptability in the society . People just want money without knowing about hook and crook so instead of showing accountability against it, they remain silent which is causing that major rooted in our society because people don't show a response against it.

Major impacts of corruption:     

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  Corruption is widespread in developing and transition countries, there are however significant differences between and within regions.
• Corruption creates transaction and insecurity in the economy.
• Corruption destroys the legitimacy of the state.
• Corruption hinders the direct foreign investment. The World Economic Forum's global competitiveness report identifies corruption as the third greatest problem for companies in Pakistan after government bureaucracy and poor infrastructure.
• Corruption is unfair as it opens regressive tex which heavily burdens the particular social and commercial activities performed by small businesses.
• The still worse impact is on the religious circle who sell fake degrees to needy politicians with impunity show fake entries of students to get more zakat money and sell religious edicts on a need basis.
• Rampant trends of corruption have also badly affected the business ethics in the country which is devoid of any egalitarianism .stock pilling, hoarding, and black marketing are the orders of the day. and individuals often as a businessman, their business forms and business groups and sometimes their whole industry is found pegged in these malpractices.
• Corruption increases the volume of public investment, as many options allow for public expenditure manipulation and are carried out by high-level officials for brides as more budgets more opportunities for corruption.
• Corruption redirects the composition of public expenditures from expenditures of basic functioning and maintenance to expenditures on new equipment.
• Corruption tends to get assets from the fixed budget of health and education which are necessary because there is less chance of Commission in other unnecessary projects.
• Corruption reduces the effectiveness of public expenditures and infrastructure of the country.
• Corruption can reduce tax revenues.It effects ability of the state administration to collect taxes and fees, although the net effect depends on how the nominal tax and other regular basis  burdens of domestic expenditures of the country were selected by the officials, exposed to corruption.